Urban growth rates - the world

This table sets out the population (in millions of people) for 12 of the largest cities in the developing world from 1950 with a projection to 2000. Most of these cities are located in the tropics. The last column gives the increase (percentage) in the population size relative to 1950. An annual growth rate can be calculated by dividing by 50.

The growth rates for most of these cities are catastrophic; they cannot be sustained. Mexico City and Sao Paulo are growing at a rate of more than 20% per year. The agricultural infrastructure that originally nourished these cities, the life support systems cannot support this ever expanding burden; especially when the landcover that provided the food is being converted irreversibly to urban use. Even the most favourably sited and highly productive cities, such as Bangkok and Manila, are being strangled by an ever-increasing ring of squatter shanties.


Population for 12 of the World's largest cities

City   1950 1960 1970 1980 2000 Increase
Mexico City 2.9 5.1 8.9 15 31 1069
 Sao Paulo 2.4 4.4 8 13.5 25 1042
Shanghai 5.8 7.4 10 13.4 22 379
Beijing 2.2 4.4 7 10.7 19 864
Rio de Janeiro 2.9 4.4 7.1 10.6 19 655
 Bombay 2.9  4 5.8 8.3 17 586
Calcutta 4.4 5.5 6.9 8.8 16 364
Jakarta 1.7 2.7 4.5 7.3 16 941
Cairo 2.5 3.7 5.5 7.4 13 520
Madras 1.4 1.7 3 5.4 12 857
Manila 1.6 2.3 3.6 5.7 12 750
Bangkok 1.4 2.2 3.2 4.9 11 786
 Mean increase over 50 years            734